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Simple interest is calculated on principal only. Compound interest is calculated on principal plus accumulated interest, creating exponential growth. $10,000 at 8% for 30 years: Simple=$34,000, Compound=$100,627. Compound earns nearly 3× more over 30 years.
SIP invests fixed amounts regularly, averaging market volatility. Lump sum invests everything at once. Historically, lump sum beats SIP ~66% of the time in rising markets, but SIP reduces timing risk. A modified SIP (invest over 3-6 months) balances both approaches.